Das „Dilemma der Normalisierung“
Muslime in Deutschland erleben seit Jahren eine „Islamisierung“ ihrer Identität in den öffentlichen Debatten. Diese Identität wird reduktionistisch nur auf die Dimension Religion beschränkt. Aus identitätsstabilisierenden Gründen werden diese externen und einseitigen Zuschreibungen von Personen mit...
| Published in: | Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft |
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| Main Author: | |
| Format: | Electronic Article |
| Language: | German |
| Check availability: | HBZ Gateway |
| Journals Online & Print: | Drawer...
|
| Fernleihe: | Fernleihe für die Fachinformationsdienste |
| Published: |
Diagonal-Verlag
2016
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| In: |
Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft
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| Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains: | B
Germany
/ Immigrants
/ Muslim
/ Integration
/ Debate
/ Islamization
/ Religious identity
/ Ethnic identity
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| IxTheo Classification: | AD Sociology of religion; religious policy BJ Islam |
| Further subjects: | B
Secularization
Islam
Muslime
Moscheen
Cultural Lag
B Secularization Islam Muslim Mosques Cultural Lag |
| Online Access: |
Volltext (Verlag) |
| Summary: | Muslime in Deutschland erleben seit Jahren eine „Islamisierung“ ihrer Identität in den öffentlichen Debatten. Diese Identität wird reduktionistisch nur auf die Dimension Religion beschränkt. Aus identitätsstabilisierenden Gründen werden diese externen und einseitigen Zuschreibungen von Personen mit muslimischem Hintergrund internalisiert. So belegen aktuelle Studien, dass die subjektive Einschätzung der befragten Muslime im Vergleich zur nicht-muslimischen bzw. christlichen Bevölkerung immer höher ausfällt. Denn im Migrationskontext wird offensichtlich dem Islam eine alltagsbewältigende Funktion zugeschrieben. Die Funktionalisierung des Islam ist jedoch nur ein temporäres Phänomen. Denn unter den Muslimen und in den Moscheegemeinden, zeichnen sich bereits Pluralisierungs- und Heterogenisierungsprozesse ab. Verliert der Islam als „Ausländerreligion“ seine Relevanz im gegenwärtigen Diskursfeld, so sind dieselben Erfahrungen der Kirchen bezüglich Säkularisierungs- und Individualisierungsprozesse für die Moscheegemeinden zu erwarten. Gegenwärtige Entwicklungen in den islamischen Gemeinden weisen bereits auf das zukünftige Konfliktpotenzial hin. Daher sind antizipative Auseinandersetzungen mit den bevorstehenden Transformationsprozessen für die Gemeinden unabdingbar. Eine besondere Bedeutung erhält daher die Religionswissenschaft, die mit ihren Studien zur Versachlichung dieser Herausforderung beitragen kann. For many years, Muslims in Germany have experienced an ”Islamization” and thus a reduction to the religious dimension of their identity in public discourse. The present debates about refugees prove this. Social conflicts are ethnicized and Islamized and result in a lack of integration services. Another debate that has been conducted for years is about Muslim, male adolescents. The assaults on women on New Year’s Eve in Cologne by North African youths appear to confirm the prejudices. These incidents are attributed to the alleged macho culture in Islamic countries. Overall, Muslims seem to be a projection screen for the failed integration politics of Germany after the events of 9/11. In this respect, the problematic Islamization of debates on integration forms a hurdle for overall societal integration, because the emotional integration in the form of identification with the local country is affected counterproductively. These external and biased ascriptions are internalized by people with a Muslim background for identity-stabilizing reasons. As the example of the U.S.A. shows, immigrants of the third and fourth generation can still trigger processes of ethnic revival. Due to the Islamization of Muslim immigrants in public debates, both an ethnic and a religious revival in Germany are possible – even if this revival remains on a symbolic level only. Against this background, such processes should be examined more specifically. Current studies substantiate that Muslims describe themselves as very religious. Islam plays a special role for Muslim youths in their everyday life. Many studies have shown that Islam has an identity-strengthening character. This is due to the fact that in the context of migration Islam is evidently ascribed an omnipresent function. The functionalization of Islam is, however, only a temporary phenomenon. There is already evidence of pluralization and heterogenization processes among Muslims and the mosque communities. If Islam loses its relevance as a “religion for foreigners” in the current field of discourse, then the mosque communities will experience similar processes of secularization and individualization known from the case of churches. Current developments within the Islamic communities already indicate a potential for conflict. The findings of a recent study conducted by the author provide evidence for this. It is vital to conduct anticipatory debates with regard to the imminent transformation processes within the Muslim communities. Hence, a particular significance has the field of religious studies, which can contribute to an objectification of this challenge because the processes of secularization in the Muslim communities will have far-reaching consequences for their future developments. Therefore, continuous research on this issue is needed, since there is no sufficient empirical data about the mosque communities. First interviews could lead to detect the various types in the municipalities. In a second step, the constructed categories must be quantified in order to obtain more information about the statistical distribution of the different types of members. Parallel to this, additional surveys of members of the communities and visitors of the mosques will be conducted. In spite of the 50-year-old migration history of Muslims in Germany and the existence of more than 2,300 Muslim communities there are no statistics about the development of the number of their members. Therefore, tracing the development of the number of members in mosques is crucial, because the assumption is that according to the cultural lag theory these processes will lead to secularization. For the anticipation of future developments for Muslim communities an analysis of the experiences of the catholic and protestant churches in Germany with their social developments and their consequences since the 1960s can be helpful in this context. It is also important to convey to Muslim communities that these processes do not mean the dissolution of religion or church in the process of secularization and individualization, but that they will still play a central role for society. |
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| ISSN: | 2194-508X |
| Contains: | In: Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft
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| Persistent identifiers: | DOI: 10.1515/zfr-2015-0009 |