Summary: | The early efforts of the followers of Clare of Assisi to establish the Poor Clare life in the United States involves examining details of successful and failed foundations, as well as reports of the sisters' responses to those events. What emerges presents a portrait of the community's deepened commitment to their contemplative vocation as they not only expanded their geographical horizons but discerned appropriate adaptation. In other words, whether a bishop accepted or rejected the Poor Clares' requests, the decisions they had to make forced these pioneer women to continually clarify, while holding fast to, their commitment of following the Primitive Rule of Clare. The general outline of the sojourn of Mother Maddalena Bentivoglio and her blood sister, Mother Constanza, is wellknown to Poor Clares, who could name those bishops who granted or refused permission for a foundation in their dioceses. Broader ecclesiastical and social contexts, however, actually dictated the bishops' decisions and the sisters' vocational challenges. Rejections by Archbishops John McCloskey, John Baptist Purcell and James Frederic Wood for foundations in New York, Cincinnati, and Philadelphia, respectively, challenged but did not thwart the Poor Clare's mission.
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