Luthers Stellung zur Obrigkeit bei der Reform der Landeskirchen
Luther's role in the reform of State rule. Unlike many researchers since E. Troeltsch have assumed, Luther was not the founder of the state rule over the church. Luther made a clear distinction between the rights and duties of the sovereign as political ruler with secular power (which however c...
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Print Article |
| Language: | German |
| Check availability: | HBZ Gateway |
| Journals Online & Print: | Drawer...
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| Fernleihe: | Fernleihe für die Fachinformationsdienste |
| Published: |
De Gruyter
2018
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| In: |
Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Kanonistische Abteilung
Year: 2018, Volume: 104, Pages: 236-303 |
| IxTheo Classification: | SD Church law; Protestant Church |
| Further subjects: | B
Law
B Protestant Church B Church law B History |
| Summary: | Luther's role in the reform of State rule. Unlike many researchers since E. Troeltsch have assumed, Luther was not the founder of the state rule over the church. Luther made a clear distinction between the rights and duties of the sovereign as political ruler with secular power (which however covers the protection of church service, the enforcement of the ten commandments, the protection of public order, the responsibility for schools and theological faculties, the care for the sick and the poor) and his function within the church as its most noble member (praecipuum membrum), to which he was committed as a Christian and which was to be performed without human force (e.g. by the installation and maintenance of ministers). This was a consequence arising from Luther's distinctions between the earthly kingdom and the spiritual kingdom of Christ, between secular and spiritual power, and between divine law and gospel and from the definition and allocation of their respective functions. The state rule over the church had its basis not in these teachings, but in the political and legal framework of the Holy Roman Empire, in which the role the protestant princes played as protectors of the Reformation was transformed into a legal competence of all princes and other imperial estates to determine the religion of their territories (ius reformandi). Luther war nicht der Begründer des Landesherrlichen Kirchenregiments, wie seit E. Troeltsch die Forschung weithin meint. Bei den kirchlichen Reformen unterschied Luther zwischen den Rechten und Pflichten.des Landesherrn als Obrigkeit mit weltlicher Zwangsgewalt (Schutz des Gottesdienstes und Kirchenguts, Wahrung der Zehn Gebote und öffentlichen Ordnung, Sorge für Schulen, theologische Fakultäten, Arme und Kranke) und seinen kirchlichen Funktionen als "vornehmstes Glied" der Gemeinde aus christlicher Liebespflicht ohne obrigkeitliche Gewalt (etwa bei der Berufung und Versorgung tauglicher Pfarrer). Das folgte aus Luthers Unterscheidung und Zuordnung des Reiches Gottes und Reiches der Welt, des geistlichen und weltlichen Regiments, des göttlichen Gesetzes und Evangeliums. Hingegen entwickelte sich das obrigkeitliche Kirchenregiment und ius reformandi aus den politischen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, weil sich der Schutz der Reformation durch die evangelischen Fürsten zum paritätischen Herrschaftsrecht aller Reichsstände nach der Reichsverfassung auswuchs. |
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| ISSN: | 0323-4142 |
| Contains: | Enthalten in: Savigny-Stiftung, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Kanonistische Abteilung
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