Jüdisches Leben in der Ukraine nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg: Zur Verfolgung einer Religionsgemeinschaft im Spätstalinismus (1945-1953)
Über die Verfolgung der jüdischen Religionsgemeinschaft im Spätstalinismus ist bisher wenig bekannt. Welcher Strategien bediente sich die Sowjetdiktatur gegenüber den jüdischen Gemeinden? Wie wurden diese aus dem öffentlichen Leben eliminiert? Und weshalb gelang es den jüdischen Gemeinden dennoch, i...
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Print Article |
| Language: | German |
| Check availability: | HBZ Gateway |
| Journals Online & Print: | Drawer...
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| Fernleihe: | Fernleihe für die Fachinformationsdienste |
| Published: |
De Gruyter Oldenbourg
2005
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| In: |
Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
Year: 2005, Volume: 53, Issue: 3, Pages: 421-448 |
| Further subjects: | B
Jews
B State B Judaism B Stalinism B Religious organization B History B Religious policy B Soviet Union |
| Summary: | Über die Verfolgung der jüdischen Religionsgemeinschaft im Spätstalinismus ist bisher wenig bekannt. Welcher Strategien bediente sich die Sowjetdiktatur gegenüber den jüdischen Gemeinden? Wie wurden diese aus dem öffentlichen Leben eliminiert? Und weshalb gelang es den jüdischen Gemeinden dennoch, ihren vollständigen Untergang abzuwenden? Mehr Licht auf diese Fragen kann jetzt Katrin Boeckh werfen, die in ukrainischen Archiven jahrzehntelang verschlossene Berichte des "Rates für Religiöse Kulte" ausgewertet hat. (Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte / FUB) Religious Jews in the Soviet Union were doubly persecuted: first, because of the anti-Semitic attitudes of the Soviet population and regime, second, because of their faith which the atheist ideology did not tolerate. After World War II, the Stalinist system began to agitate openly against Jews again in several campaigns. Whereas these events have often been described, this article tries to draw the attention to the religious persecution of the Jewish communities in the Ukraine. These institutions were the only legal possibility for Jews to help their brothers-in-faith during the hard times after the holocaust or to receive community support, as the Soviet state denied they had been victims of the Nazi murders during the occupation in the World War. The Stalinist state, always keen to demonstrate freedom of creed and conscience, found various and flexible methods to repress Jewish communities. First, they had to register with the state. Then they stood under permanent surveillance of state officials, who attended synagogues, controlled the leaders of the communities as well as the believers, and allowed only little room for religious expression. Social and cultural activities supporting the Jewish population were strictly forbidden. The systematic closure of synagogues finally led to the destruction of many communities. When Stalin died in 1953, the small number of Jewish believers had been reduced to a minimum. Many of them no longer risked their religious identity by attending services in public. Although Stalin's successors did not stop discrimination against the Jews, the Jewish religion was passed on to the next generation, in strictest secrecy, invisible to the Soviet organs, but in permanent fear of detection. The Jewish renaissance after the Ukraine's national independence in 1991 demonstrated that persecution during the communist era had failed its aim. (Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte / FUB) |
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| ISSN: | 0042-5702 |
| Contains: | In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
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