The ritual incorporation and cross-cultural communication in Camau, Vietnam: a case study of the Tianhou cult

Tianhou (天后) is a popular religious figure rooted in Fujian, China. Historically, she was continuously ‘standardised’ by late imperial China, making this character a standard symbol. In the late 17th century, Chinese immigrants propagated the Tianhou cult in Southern Vietnam, further developed, and...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nguyễn, Ngọc Thơ (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Taylor and Francis Group 2021
In: Culture and religion
Year: 2021, Volume: 22, Issue: 1, Pages: 6-24
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Ca Mau / Chinese people / Ritual / Mazu Goddess / Acculturation / Ancestor cult / Cultural contact / Ethnic identity / History 2014-2017
IxTheo Classification:AD Sociology of religion; religious policy
AG Religious life; material religion
AX Inter-religious relations
BB Indigenous religions
BM Chinese universism; Confucianism; Taoism
KBM Asia
TK Recent history
ZB Sociology
Further subjects:B ritual incorporation
B cross-cultural communication
B Ethnic Chinese
B Camau
B Tianhou
Online Access: Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)

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520 |a Tianhou (天后) is a popular religious figure rooted in Fujian, China. Historically, she was continuously ‘standardised’ by late imperial China, making this character a standard symbol. In the late 17th century, Chinese immigrants propagated the Tianhou cult in Southern Vietnam, further developed, and made Tianhou the identity marker of their community. However, in Camau and other places of Southern Vietnam, this symbol became partially changed due to the process of localisation and cross-cultural exchange. The Chinese successfully incorporate Chinese Tianhou rituals with Vietnamese family rites (especially the worships of Kitchen God and ancestors) to gain both community consolidation and cross-ethnic integration. The illusionary incorporation effectively consolidates the ties between peoples and improves the position of the ethnic Chinese in the local society. This paper mainly applies the concept of ‘inventing tradition’ and Seligman’s and Weller’s (2012) viewpoint of the cultural interaction of notation, ritual and shared experience to generalise the nature and significance of liturgical transformation in the Tianhou cult among the ethnic Chinese in Camau. The study shows that cultural adaptation, as a means for survival and evolution, has been the goal of an endless struggle among the Chinese in contemporary Vietnam. 
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