RT Article
T1 Of gods and men: The gift of bicameral mentality in Lake Atitlán's Mayan oral literature
JF Anthropology of consciousness
VO 36
IS 1
SP 1
OP 19
A1 Franco Rodríguez, José M.
A1 Montoya, Daniel
A2 Montoya, Daniel
LA English
YR 2025
UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1925488497
AB This study investigates contemporary Mayan oral stories through the lens of Julian Jaynes's theory on the origin of consciousness, aiming to identify a potential connection between the literary elements of these narratives and traits of pre-consciousness outlined by Jaynes. Jaynes's neuropsychological thesis argues that human consciousness emerged around 3000 years ago after a period of "bicameral mind," characterized by auditory "hallucinations" that guided non-habitual behavior. He claims that remnants of bicameral mentality linger to this day in all cultures. While his theoretical framework has been applied to cultures in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, this research uniquely surveys early Mayan texts and focuses on 78 oral narratives from Lake Atitlán, Guatemala. Our findings reveal traces of bicamerality, evident in the gradual fading of inner voices replaced by divination, anomalous mental states, encounters with the supernatural, and spiritual possession. Contrary to pathologizing these phenomena, the narratives often present them as abilities the Maya may not have felt culturally compelled to suppress to the extent presumed in other societies.
K1 Julian Jaynes's theory
K1 Mayan oral literature
K1 bicameral mentality
K1 Consciousness
DO 10.1111/anoc.12236