RT Article T1 Inkarnationen des Bösen im sozialistischen Denken JF Review of ecumenical studies VO 16 IS 2 SP 205 OP 230 A1 Pfützner, Robert 1986- LA German YR 2024 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1909575410 AB From a Western, democratic perspective, the state socialism that existed until 1989 was criticised, not without justification, as an "evil empire" (Reagan). The Gulag, Pol Pot’s mass murders or Ceaușescu’s dictatorship show evident elements of evil in socialism. However, a different perspective is taken in the essay. From an internal hermeneutic perspective, it asks what forms of evil emerged within socialist thought. From a cultural-theoretical point of view, socialism is seen as a belief system and moral framework. Evil appears in this framework as (1) abstract evil, as (2) evil in others, and as (3) evil in oneself. These three figurations will be illuminated. K1 Communism K1 Marxism K1 Socialism K1 antagonism K1 philosophy of evil K1 Secular Religion K1 Self-criticism DO 10.2478/ress-2024-0017