Pourquoi 2 Maccabées? (Première partie)
The Maccabean crisis was a fundamental event in the history of Judea in the Hellenistic period, but in spite of a significant amount of information, it is difficult to properly assess it, because Judaism was not yet stabilized. However, paying attention to Josephus’ testimony allows us to understand...
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| Format: | Electronic Article |
| Language: | French |
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Peeters
2024
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| In: |
Revue biblique
Year: 2024, Volume: 131, Issue: 2, Pages: 171-201 |
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Volltext (lizenzpflichtig) Volltext (lizenzpflichtig) |
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| 520 | |a The Maccabean crisis was a fundamental event in the history of Judea in the Hellenistic period, but in spite of a significant amount of information, it is difficult to properly assess it, because Judaism was not yet stabilized. However, paying attention to Josephus’ testimony allows us to understand a conflict between an Egyptian trend faithful to Moses and a Babylonian trend that can be termed early Pharisean. The latter gave birth to the Hasmonean dynasty, which succeeded to gain its independence from the Syrian domination in decline, but had to make compromises in Judea. However, the Hasmonean regime suffered from a similar decline, and 2 Maccabees, consciously ignoring the new State, sports an overall unity of the diaspora Jews around the Temple, after the access to Jerusalem has been secured. As Philo said later, pilgrimages were of the utmost importance. | ||
| 520 | |a La crise maccabéenne fut un moment fondateur dans l’histoire de la Judée à l’époque hellénistique, mais malgré une surabondance de données, elle reste malaisée à apprécier, car le judaïsme n’était pas encore stabilisé. Cependant, la réhabilitation du témoignage de Josèphe permet de saisir une lutte entre un courant égyptien attaché à la loi de Moïse et un courant babylonien proto-pharisien. Ce dernier va engendrer le régime asmonéen, qui s’affranchit peu à peu de la tutelle du suzerain syrien en pleine décadence, mais qui devra faire des compromis en Judée. Cependant, le nouveau régime subit une décadence semblable, et 2 Maccabées, qui a choisi d’ignorer l’État asmonéen, prône une unité de la vaste diaspora autour du Temple, quelles que soient les autorités locales. Comme pour Philon, les pèlerinages sont essentiels. | ||
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