The Circulation of the Storm-God's Struggle with the Death-God Motif in Ugarit and Babylonia
Contrairement au motif du combat entre le dieu de l’orage et le dieu de la mer, largement répandu dans la littérature du Moyen-Orient ancien, celui du dieu de l’orage et du dieu de la mort est peu attesté, de sorte qu’il est difficile d’en préciser l’histoire de la transmission. Ainsi l’épisode de B...
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| Format: | Electronic Article |
| Language: | English |
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| Published: |
Peeters
2023
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| In: |
Semitica
Year: 2023, Volume: 65, Pages: 5-31 |
| IxTheo Classification: | AG Religious life; material religion BC Ancient Orient; religion NBC Doctrine of God TC Pre-Christian history ; Ancient Near East |
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| 520 | |a Contrairement au motif du combat entre le dieu de l’orage et le dieu de la mer, largement répandu dans la littérature du Moyen-Orient ancien, celui du dieu de l’orage et du dieu de la mort est peu attesté, de sorte qu’il est difficile d’en préciser l’histoire de la transmission. Ainsi l’épisode de Baal-Mot est-il communément considéré comme unique dans la littérature ougaritique. Le présent article suggère que ce conflit constitue un topos littéraire commun et partagé par une composition poétique akkadienne ultérieure, l’épopée d’Erra. Comme Baal et Mot dans le Cycle de Baal, deux figures divines, Marduk et Erra, qui représentent respectivement le dieu de l’orage et celui de la mort, sont en conflit quant à la royauté divine. En identifiant les points communs et les divergences entre les deux compositions mythiques, cet article s’intéresse également à la façon dont les scribes Ilimilku et Kabti-ilāni-Marduk ont chacun développé une réception théologique propre des réalités politiques environnantes. | ||
| 520 | |a Unlike the motif of the storm-god’s battle against the sea-god, which exhibits a widespread distribution across ancient Middle Eastern literature, the scarce nature of the extant evidence of the storm-god and the death-god motif prevents us from tracing its transmission history in detail. As such, the Baal-Mot episode has been commonly considered a unique composition within the Ugaritic literary tradition. However, tropes related to the conflict over divine kingship and the storm-god’s dwindled power under the personified death have eluded a literary-historical investigation. This paper proposes that the motif of the conflict between the storm-god and the god of death preserved in the Baal-Mot episode constitutes a common literary topos shared by the later Akkadian poetic composition, the Erra Epic. Like Baal and Mot in the Baal Cycle, the two divine figures, Marduk and Erra in the Erra Epic, representing the storm-god and the god of death, respectively, were in conflict with each other over divine kingship. By identifying both common and diverging points in the storm-god’s struggle with the death-god motif in the two mythic compositions, this paper further considers the scribal technique of Ilimilku and Kabti-ilāni-Marduk as a means for developing respective theological receptions of the surrounding political realities. | ||
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