RT Article T1 Do "the Birds of Heaven" in the Parable of the Mustard Seed Represent Gentiles? JF The catholic biblical quarterly VO 85 IS 1 SP 53 OP 74 A1 Cousland, J. R. C. LA English YR 2023 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1859204325 AB At least since the time of Hilary of Poitiers, the "the birds of heaven" in Matthew’s parable of the mustard seed (13:31-32) were identified with the gentiles. In recent years, however, this identification has rightly been questioned on a variety of grounds. In this article, I offer a reconsideration of the evidence and argue that, when the parable’s scriptural references are recognized as a "composite allusion," it is extremely likely that "the birds of heaven" should be understood as a metaphor for gentiles in the Synoptic versions of the parable. K1 Bibel. Matthäusevangelium, 13,31-32 K1 Allusion K1 birds of heaven K1 Gentiles K1 parable of the mustard seed K1 world tree K1 bibel Matthäusevangelium 13,31-32 K1 Bibel Matthäusevangelium 13, 31-32 K1 Matthäusevangelium 13, 31-32 DO 10.1353/cbq.2023.0003