RT Article
T1 Reflexivity in the Transformation of Higher Education: Comparing Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan
JF Cultural and religious studies
VO 6
IS 11
SP 613
OP 629
A1 Tai, Po-Fen
LA English
PB David Publishing Company
YR 2018
UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1842672517
AB The objective of this paper is to compare the transformation of higher educations in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The higher education systems in these societies were established and transformed from homologous Japanese Imperial Universities, and developed toward various higher education systems intermediated by policies under international and domestic contexts. Using second hand data, the results show the common characteristics of these cases from state-led national elitism to market-led massification by means of privatization and commercialization. However, some differences exist in their finances resources, enrolment rates, policies for tuition fees and mostly important, job rewards for those who obtain higher education degrees, comparing to high school ones. The rise of reflexivity further suggests that the right of access to higher education has been changed from institutional limited opportunities, to the actors who decide when, why, and how to accept higher education. The facts imply that the states have to adjust and re-define their roles in higher education, and diverse programs and learning methods will be provided for multiple students in the future.
K1 commercialization
K1 comparative higher education
K1 Marketization
K1 Reflexivity
DO 10.17265/2328-2177/2018.11.001