Revisiting Southeast Asian Civil Islam: Moderate Muslims and Indonesia’s Democracy Paradox

There has been an intensive scholarly debate about the developmentof Indonesia’s post-New Order democracy. Some scholars have laudedIndonesia’s surprisingly successful transition to democratic consolidation,while others have disputed such a notion, arguing that Indonesia’s democraticprocess tends to...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Amal, M. Khusna (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: [publisher not identified] 2020
In: Intellectual discourse
Year: 2020, Volume: 28, Issue: 1, Pages: 295-318
Online Access: Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)

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520 |a There has been an intensive scholarly debate about the developmentof Indonesia’s post-New Order democracy. Some scholars have laudedIndonesia’s surprisingly successful transition to democratic consolidation,while others have disputed such a notion, arguing that Indonesia’s democraticprocess tends to be stagnant and even regressive. However, the absence ofa progressive civil society as a result of the increasingly dominant positionof oligarchic political elites in the structure of state power and democraticinstitutions, are a number of important factors that encourage the declineof democracy. This article investigates the conditions that drive the role ofmoderate Islamic organizations (or what Hefner calls a civil Islam) weredeclining rather than increasing in fighting for a democratic agenda. Referringto the research data obtained through interviews, documentation and casestudies on Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) activism - the largest moderate Islamicorganization in a predominantly Muslim country (Indonesia), this article arguesthat the decline of civil Islamic organizations is closely related to socio-politicalfragmentation and the strengthening of the conservative wing within moderateIslamic organizations. At the same time, the decline of the organization whichhad a glorious reputation as a champion of tolerance, pluralism, and democracyin the 1980-1990s had implications for the regression of Indonesian democracymarked by, among other things, the exclusion of religious minority groups suchas Shi’a from the public sphere. 
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