RT Article T1 Billionaires in world politics: clarifications and refinements JF Journal of global ethics VO 18 IS 2 SP 234 OP 247 A1 Hägel, Peter LA English YR 2022 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1824115482 AB This is a response to the comments by Filipe Campello, Julian Culp, Klaus Dingwerth and Julian Eckl, Indira Latorre, and Uchenna Okeja within the present book symposium discussing my book Billionaires in World Politics. While disagreeing with some critiques, I welcome most of the comments as invitations for theoretical refinement and further research. I start with questions about conceptual delineations and the structural background, arguing that ‘political modernity’ is a concept that is too broad to capture the specific context that allows billionaires to exercise power on the world stage. Then I address questions of agency, which are about the relationships between individual billionaires and collective actors, and the associated issue of legitimacy. The connection between billionaires and their corporations receives special attention, and is discussed in relation to legal innovations that establish individual accountability. I end with thoughts about neo-feudalism, a concept that I reject, because the political agency of billionaires remains wedded to capitalism. K1 Legitimacy K1 Corporations K1 billionaires K1 Agency K1 Accountability DO 10.1080/17449626.2022.2100453