De l'omnipotence de Zeus
While having been integrated into the framework of theology and philosophy, has Zeus always kept the supreme rank conferred upon him by the mythological tradition? Such is the question posed in this article, which, concerning itself mainly with Proclus, extends it to other representatives of the Pla...
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| Format: | Electronic Article |
| Language: | French |
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Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin
2003
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| In: |
Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques
Year: 2003, Volume: 87, Issue: 2, Pages: 241-260 |
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| 520 | |a While having been integrated into the framework of theology and philosophy, has Zeus always kept the supreme rank conferred upon him by the mythological tradition? Such is the question posed in this article, which, concerning itself mainly with Proclus, extends it to other representatives of the Platonic tradition. With Proclus the identification of Zeus with the demiurge leads to the question of the place of the latter in the philosopher’s hierarchical system. Proclus clearly situates him among the intellective gods. The figure of Zeus is, moreover, multiple and is found at various levels of the divine hierarchy. So it is clear that Proclus assigns Zeus an inferior rank. This new status illustrates a larger intention of the philosopher, who in casting out mythology’s traditional gods, advances a conception of the divine that permits him to harmonize the ancient theologies speaking of the gods of mythology and the Platonic philosophers who make the One the foremost god. This process, which appears to have been essentially the work of Neo-Platonic philosophers, was not that of George Gémiste Pléthon, who for reasons probably political, bestows upon Zeus his sovereignty. | ||
| 520 | |a RésuméEn s’intégrant dans le cadre de la théologie et de la philosophie, Zeus a-t-il toujours conservé le rang suprême que lui confère la tradition mythologique? C’est la question posée dans cet article qui, s’intéressant essentiellement à Proclus, l’élargit à d’autres représentants de la tradition platonicienne. Chez Proclus, l’identification de Zeus au démiurge amène à s’interroger sur la place de ce dernier dans le système hiérarchisé du philosophe : Proclus le situe clairement parmi les dieux intellectifs. Par ailleurs, la figure de Zeus est multiple et se retrouve à différents niveaux de la hiérarchie divine. Aussi doit-on constater que Proclus assigne à Zeus un rang inférieur : ce statut nouveau illustre l’intention plus large du philosophe qui, en faisant sortir les dieux traditionnels de la mythologie, avance une conception de la divinité lui permettant d’accorder entre eux les théologies antiques parlant des dieux de la mythologie et les philosophes platoniciens qui firent de l’Un le premier dieu. Cette démarche qui semble avoir été essentiellement le fait des philosophes néoplatoniciens n’a pas été celle de George Gémiste Pléthon qui, pour des raisons probablement politiques, rendit à Zeus sa souveraineté. | ||
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