Place et usage de la dialectique dans la méthode anselmienne
This paper’s purpose is to relativize the classical interpretation according to which Anselm of Canterbury would have employed the resources of dialectics towards the end of reinforcing the power of the truth of language and forged the rules of a pure or technical language (D. P. Henry). This for tw...
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| Format: | Electronic Article |
| Language: | French |
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Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin
2006
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Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques
Year: 2006, Volume: 90, Issue: 2, Pages: 317-335 |
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| 520 | |a This paper’s purpose is to relativize the classical interpretation according to which Anselm of Canterbury would have employed the resources of dialectics towards the end of reinforcing the power of the truth of language and forged the rules of a pure or technical language (D. P. Henry). This for two reasons. First, his adherence to dialectic is ambiguous, in the sense that the confidence he places in it a priori does not prevent him from doubting its universal character or its competence. Second, he is aware of and takes advantage of the capacity of ordinary language (usus loquendi) to express truth parallel to technical and strictly regimented language. Anselm thus reduces dialectic to the status of any other discipline of discourse. In support of this thesis, this paper examines first the place of the very term dialectic within Anselm’s work, then the manner in which he employs Aristotle’s categories, and his elaboration of the concept significatio per se as a non-exclusive criterion of recte dicere. Finally, it looks at his conjunct usage of significatio per aliud, or approximate signification. The upshot of the paper is an attempt at defining a specifically Anselmian dialectic. | ||
| 520 | |a RésuméLe propos de cet article est de relativiser l’interprétation classique selon laquelle Anselme de Canterbury aurait utilisé les ressources de la dialectique dans le but de renforcer la puissance de vérité du langage, et forgé les règles d’un langage pur, ou technique (D. P. Henry). Deux raisons à cela : d’une part, l’ambiguïté de son adhésion à la dialectique, dans le sens où la confiance qu’il lui accorde a priori ne l’empêche pas de douter du caractère universel de sa validité et de sa compétence. D’autre part, le fait qu’il ait pris conscience et tiré parti de la capacité du langage usuel (usus loquendi) à exprimer la vérité, parallèlement au langage technique et strictement réglé. Anselme réduit ainsi la dialectique au statut d’une discipline du discours parmi d’autres. Pour appuyer cette thèse, cet article examine d’abord la place du terme même de dialectique dans l’œuvre d’Anselme; ensuite, la manière dont il se sert des catégories d’Aristote, et son élaboration du concept de significatio per se, comme critère non exclusif du recte dicere. Enfin, son usage conjoint de la significatio per aliud, ou signification approximative. L’article débouche sur une tentative de définition d’une dialectique proprement anselmienne. | ||
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