Lieder wandern westwärts: Schwedische Kirchenlieder in Nordamerika
Just as I was about to lecture on Swedish hymns in North America for our conference in Bethlehem, Pa., in 1985, I learnt that my heading might be misunderstood. I had simply never heard before that „go West“ could also mean „to die“. It is true that a good many of the Swedish hymns which travelled w...
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| Format: | Electronic Article |
| Language: | German |
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| Published: |
Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
1990
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| In: |
Jahrbuch für Liturgik und Hymnologie
Year: 1990, Volume: 33, Pages: 183-190 |
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Volltext (lizenzpflichtig) |
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| 520 | |a Just as I was about to lecture on Swedish hymns in North America for our conference in Bethlehem, Pa., in 1985, I learnt that my heading might be misunderstood. I had simply never heard before that „go West“ could also mean „to die“. It is true that a good many of the Swedish hymns which travelled with our colonists did not survive. But some traditions, however, were quite strong in the new country. The first Swedish colonists landed in Delaware in 1638. At the time there was no official hymnal in Sweden, although, since the Reformation, series of hymnals had been issued. It was only towards the end of the 17th century that the Lutheran State Church of Sweden got its first authorized hymn-book. Jesper Svedberg, later Bishop of Skara, at the King's request, renewed a hymnal of 1645 called Uppsalapsalmboken. Svedberg's book was completed and printed in 1694. It was first officially accepted but shortly afterwards was accused of not being quite orthodox. Consequently a major revision was made, and Then Swenska Psalm-Boken was authorized in 1695. Svedberg, who took special care of his countrymen abroad, managed to get a permit to export the refused hymnal to his countrymen in North America. There are reports from the years round 1700 that the Swedish-speaking population sang their hymns „astonishingly well“. Two small collections of holy songs in Swedish were printed in New York in 1700. Responsible for this first Swedish printing in America was the clergyman Anders Rudman. There are reports of his singing practice with his fellow-countrymen and of school lessons preparing hymns for coming Sundays. Gradually, however, the old language died out. The Chapter of Uppsala issued instructions that some good Swedish hymns should be translated into English. Thus it would be possible to save some fine old Swedish melodies and also to stand firm against dubious spiritual ideas. A new wave of emigration began to build up towards the middle of the 19th century. At that time the Church of Sweden had got a new hymnal by Johan Olof Wallin in 1819. Some copies of this great book must have been swept along with the emigrants. But sometimes the so-called Thomander-Wieselgrenska psalmboken (after twe two editors Johan Henrik Thomander and Peter Wieselgren) of 1849 was recommended. It was a revised Wallin hymnal. The Swedish Augustana congregation in New Sweden, Iowa, made it their official hymnal. In 1860 Swedish and Norwegian congregations together formed The Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod, and the same year a large collection of partially „free religious songs“ was published in Chicago under the name of Hemlandssånger, „Homeland Songs“. Oscar Ahnfelt, Carl Olof Rosenius and Lina Sandell were represented but also Johan Olof Wallin. Even the Thomander-Wieselgren hymnal had to undergo revisions. New themes, e. g. the Christian mission, were introduced. The need for a new book of tunes was growing as the old chorale book of 1820/21 became old-fashioned in the new country where „lively melodies“ were often heard. Two big collections were printed, in Rock Island in 1892, and in Chicago in 1901. Some alternative rhythmical variants appeared besides classical tunes. A great number of Sunday school songbooks appeared. One of them, Barnvännens Lyra, „The Childrens Friend's Lyra“ is worth mentioning, since it took up the Anglo-Saxon way of naming tunes. Thus we can still find a number of titles in Swedish long after our language had died out in North America. The Hymnal and Order of Service was authorized by the Evangelical Lutheran Synod in 1925. Now the English language had taken over. The Hymnal covers nearly 400 years of Swedish hymnody from Olaus Petri, the Swedish reformer. In Sweden a new hymn-book was authorized in 1937, followed by an experimental collection in 1971 and supplements in 1976 and 1982. A few songs from these were translated in America and appeared in Ecumenical Praise and other song-books. The Lutheran Book of Worship of 1978, prepared by the churches participating in the Lutheran Commission of Worship, did not include any new Swedish hymns. Maybe, however, a new interest in Swedish hymnody is growing. The most recent Swedish hymnal appeared in 1986. | ||
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