RT Article T1 The Papyrus Industry in the Early Islamic Era JF Journal of the economic and social history of the Orient VO 54 IS 2 SP 185 OP 202 A1 Malczycki, W. Matt LA English YR 2011 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1817457969 AB Abstract The article challenges Karabacek’s and Grohmann’s classic thesis that the Abbāsid state maintained a monopoly over all Egyptian papyrus production. As demonstrated here, there is no evidence for state monopoly. Documents show that the Abbāsids maintained a contract with Egyptian papyrus producers which secured a high price for the producers in return for the best quality papyrus. There is neither evidence nor reason to believe that this contract was forced on the manufacturers by the government. Another free market provided lower quality papyrus at lower prices. K1 Papyrus K1 Free Market K1 Iraq K1 early Islamic Egypt K1 state monopoly DO 10.1163/156852011X586813