RT Article T1 The Appointment of Bishops in Early-Modern Portugal (1495–1777) JF The catholic historical review VO 97 IS 3 SP 461 OP 483 A1 Paiva, José Pedro 1960- LA English YR 2011 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1788110056 AB The author explains the theoretical model that was used in early-modern Portugal for appointing bishops, based on original research of 505 episcopal appointments. The author argues that the model enabled monarchs to better control the prelates and consequently the Portuguese Church, which reinforced the power of the state over the spiritual sphere in the realm. K1 Portuguese Church K1 patron-client relations K1 Patronage K1 episcopal appointments DO 10.1353/cat.2011.0080