RT Article T1 Must Punishment Be Intended to Cause Suffering? JF Ethical theory and moral practice VO 16 IS 4 SP 863 OP 877 A1 Wringe, Bill LA English YR 2013 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1785697668 AB It has recently been suggested that the fact that punishment involves an intention to cause suffering undermines expressive justifications of punishment. I argue that while punishment must involve harsh treatment, harsh treatment need not involve an intention to cause suffering. Expressivists should adopt this conception of harsh treatment. K1 Expressive theories of punishment K1 Punishment DO 10.1007/s10677-012-9388-x