Conflict and Confluence: The Multidimensionality of Opportunism in Principal–Agent Relationships

Conventional agency theory typically focuses on a unidirectional problem, in which an agent behaves opportunistically against the interests of a principal. Yet, this conceptualization is too limited to fully describe all aspects of principal–agent relationships. This article presents a more comprehe...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Zardkoohi, Asghar (Author) ; Harrison, Joseph S. (Author) ; Josefy, Mathew A. (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Springer 2017
In: Journal of business ethics
Year: 2017, Volume: 146, Issue: 2, Pages: 405-417
Further subjects:B Agency Theory
B Agency problems
B Stakeholder view
B Confluence of interests
B Shareholder view
B Principal problems
B Principal–agent relationship
B Opportunism
Online Access: Volltext (JSTOR)
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520 |a Conventional agency theory typically focuses on a unidirectional problem, in which an agent behaves opportunistically against the interests of a principal. Yet, this conceptualization is too limited to fully describe all aspects of principal–agent relationships. This article presents a more comprehensive framework explaining a potential three-directional problem—that is, (i) agents behave opportunistically against the interests of principals, (ii) principals behave opportunistically against the interests of agents, and (iii) relationships between agents and principals representing confluence of interests affect the interests of third-party stakeholders. The article provides evidence of these problems, describes their unique characteristics, and outlines implications for society. It concludes with a discussion focusing on the implications of the proposed framework for purported governance solutions, the ongoing debate between shareholder and stakeholder views of the firm, and business practices. 
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