RT Article T1 The Ethics “Fix”: When Formal Systems Make a Difference JF Journal of business ethics VO 131 IS 4 SP 791 OP 801 A1 Smith-Crowe, Kristin A1 Tenbrunsel, Ann E. A1 Chan-Serafin, Suzanne A1 Brief, Arthur P. 1946- A1 Umphress, Elizabeth E. A1 Joseph, Joshua A2 Tenbrunsel, Ann E. A2 Chan-Serafin, Suzanne A2 Brief, Arthur P. 1946- A2 Umphress, Elizabeth E. A2 Joseph, Joshua LA English YR 2015 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1785655876 AB This paper investigates the effect of the countervailing forces within organizations of formal systems that direct employees toward ethical acts and informal systems that direct employees toward fraudulent behavior. We study the effect of these forces on deception, a key component of fraud. The results provide support for an interactive effect of these formal and informal systems. The effectiveness of formal systems is greater when there is a strong informal “push” to do wrong; conversely, in the absence of a strong push to do wrong, the strength of formal systems has little impact on fraudulent behavior. These results help to explain why the implementation of formal systems within organizations has been met with mixed results and identifies when formal systems designed to promote ethical behavior will be most efficacious. K1 Unethical Behavior K1 Informal systems K1 Fraud K1 Formal systems K1 Ethics DO 10.1007/s10551-013-2022-6