RT Article T1 CSR Implementation: Developing the Capacity for Collective Action JF Journal of business ethics VO 85 IS 2 SP 463 OP 477 A1 Rama, Dasaratha A1 Milano, Bernard J. A1 Salas, Silvia A1 Liu, Che Hung A2 Milano, Bernard J. A2 Salas, Silvia A2 Liu, Che Hung LA English YR 2009 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1785633546 AB This article examines capacity development for collective action and institutional change through the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. We integrate Hargrave and Van de Ven’s (2006, Academy of Management Review 31(4), 864–888) Collective Action Model with capacity development literature to develop a framework that can be used to clarify the nature of CSR involvement in capacity development, help identify alternative CSR response options, consider expected impacts of these options on stakeholders, and highlight trade-offs across alternative CSR investments. Our framework encompasses CSR program investments in the capacities of individuals, organizations, and collaborations, as also their impact on the larger enabling environment. We then use this framework to provide descriptive evidence of two implementations: (1) The PhD Project, whose mission is to increase the diversity of corporate America by increasing the diversity of business school faculty, and (2) Involve, the community involvement program at KPMG, one of the Big Four Accounting firms. We discuss implications of our framework for managerial practice and future research. K1 organizational capacity K1 collaborative capacity K1 enabling environment K1 Corporate Citizenship K1 Collective Action K1 Corporate social responsibility implementation K1 capacity development DO 10.1007/s10551-008-9737-9