RT Article T1 How Virtue Fits Within Business Ethics JF Journal of business ethics VO 33 IS 2 SP 101 OP 114 A1 Whetstone, J. Thomas LA English YR 2001 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1785616366 AB This paper proposes that managers add an attention to virtues and vices of human character as a full complement to moral reasoning according to a deontological focus on obligations to act and a teleological focus on consequences (a balanced tripartite approach). Even if the criticisms of virtue ethics cloud its use as a mononomic normative theory of justification, they do not refute the substantial benefits of applying a human character perspective – when done so in conjunction with also-imperfect act-oriented perspectives. An interactive tripartite approach is superior for meeting the complex requirements of an applied ethic. To illustrate how deficiencies of a "strong" virtue ethics formulation can be overcome by a balanced tripartite approach, this paper compares normative leadership paradigms (each based on a combination of virtue, deontology, or consequentialist perspectives) and the dangers inherent in each. The preferred paradigm is servant leadership, grounded in a tripartite ethic. Effective application of such an ethics approach in contemporary organizations requires further empirical research to develop a greater understanding of the moral language actually used. Meeting this challenge will allow academics better to assist practicing managers lead moral development and moral reasoning efforts. K1 Ethics K1 Virtue K1 Vice K1 tripartite ethics K1 Servant Leadership K1 Moral Language K1 Leadership K1 ethical manager K1 Character K1 act-oriented theories DO 10.1023/A:1017554318867