Alleged Basic Meanings of the Hebrew Verb qdš “Be Holy”: An Exercise in Comparative Hebrew Lexicography

Most Hebraists are familiar with the claim that the “basic meaning” of the Hebrew verb qdš is “to separate.” It was adopted by BDB, and is referred to by HALOT. This paper argues that the claim is unlikely to be correct. In searching for the origins and rationale for this claim, which goes back at l...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Clines, David J. A. 1938- (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Brill 2021
In: Vetus Testamentum
Year: 2021, Volume: 71, Issue: 4/5, Pages: 481-502
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Holiness (motif) / Theology / Hebrew language / Old Testament
IxTheo Classification:FA Theology
HB Old Testament
Online Access: Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)
Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)

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520 |a Most Hebraists are familiar with the claim that the “basic meaning” of the Hebrew verb qdš is “to separate.” It was adopted by BDB, and is referred to by HALOT. This paper argues that the claim is unlikely to be correct. In searching for the origins and rationale for this claim, which goes back at least to Reuchlin (1505), I encountered some other views propounded by Hebrew lexica of the past 500 years about the “basic meaning” of the root, including “be clean” (e.g., Gesenius, 1833), “begin” (e.g., Buxtorf, 1615) and (surprisingly) “be unclean” (e.g., Pagninus, 1529). These proposals also will be shown to lack adequate support. I will argue that the verb qdš “be holy” and its derivatives have no underlying meaning apart from their denotation of the deity personally and of what belongs to the deity, such as his temple, his priests, his sabbaths, etc. 
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