RT Article T1 Religion or Rebellion?: Justifying the French Wars of Religion and Dutch Revolt to German Protestants JF The sixteenth century journal VO 51 IS 2 SP 445 OP 464 A1 Tol, Jonas van 1989- LA English YR 2020 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1751489140 AB During the French Wars of Religion and the Dutch Revolt, German audiences were continually targeted with appeals for support. Due to the empire's fragmented confessional landscape, the warring parties in France and the Netherlands faced the difficult challenge of presenting justifications with cross-confessional appeal. Central to their strategy was the sharp differentiation between religious and political motives. By explaining the actions of their adversaries as the product of hypocrisy and personal ambition, the aristocratic leadership of the warring parties deconfessionalised the two conflicts. These efforts were partly undone by pamphleteers who interpreted the conflicts as manifestations of a larger religious or even eschatological struggle. These two narratives were essentially irreconcilable and therefore caused confusion among German audiences. This article explores the nature and impact of these contradictory explanations. Sensitive to the inconsistencies, the German aristocracy advocated solutions that carefully addressed both the religious and the political dimension of the conflicts. K1 Dutch Wars of Independence, 1568-1648 K1 foreign news K1 French Wars of Religion, 1562-1598 K1 Germany K1 Justification (Theory of knowledge) K1 Pamphlets K1 Protestants K1 Religion K1 Religion & Politics K1 War finance