RT Article T1 Universal Faith or Islamic Denomination: On the Struggle to Define Alevism JF A journal of church and state VO 63 IS 1 SP 47 OP 69 A1 Grēgoriadēs, Iōannēs N. A1 Akdeniz, Pinar LA English PB Oxford University Press YR 2021 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1748512153 AB The term “Alevi” is related to heterodox Islamic groups that have lived in Anatolia and its bordering regions since the introduction of Islam in the late eleventh century. It refers to a number of heterodox groups such as Kızılbaş, Tahtacı, Çepni and Ocakzade, and others that have traditionally practiced endogamy.1 The Alevis include Turkish, Zaza, Kurmanji, Pomak, Albanian, and Arabic speakers.2 Distinguishing themselves from Sunnis, they venerate Ali, son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammed, and are named after him.3 In addition to Ali, Alevis follow the Twelve Imams, as well as the teachings of Hacı Bektaş-i Veli, an Islamic... DO 10.1093/jcs/csaa028