On Necessary Gratuitous Evils

The standard position on moral perfection and gratuitous evil makes the prevention of gratuitous evil a necessary condition on moral perfection. I argue that, on any analysis of gratuitous evil we choose, the standard position on moral perfection and gratuitous evil is false. It is metaphysically im...

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Bibliographic Details
Subtitles:Special Issue - Evolutionary Research on Morality and Theological Ethics
Main Author: Almeida, Michael James (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
Check availability: HBZ Gateway
Fernleihe:Fernleihe für die Fachinformationsdienste
Published: University of Innsbruck in cooperation with the John Hick Centre for Philosophy of Religion at the University of Birmingham [2020]
In: European journal for philosophy of religion
Year: 2020, Volume: 12, Issue: 3, Pages: 117-135
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Moral development / Perfection / Evil / Avoidance of / Impossibility (Philosophy)
IxTheo Classification:AB Philosophy of religion; criticism of religion; atheism
NBC Doctrine of God
NCA Ethics
VA Philosophy
Further subjects:B gratuitous
B necessary
B Evil
B necessity of evil
B problem of evil
B Gratuitous Evil
Online Access: Presumably Free Access
Volltext (Verlag)
Volltext (doi)

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520 |a The standard position on moral perfection and gratuitous evil makes the prevention of gratuitous evil a necessary condition on moral perfection. I argue that, on any analysis of gratuitous evil we choose, the standard position on moral perfection and gratuitous evil is false. It is metaphysically impossible to prevent every gratuitously evil state of affairs in every possible world. No matter what God does—no matter how many gratuitously evil states of affairs God prevents—it is necessarily true that God coexists with gratuitous evil in some world or other. Since gratuitous evil cannot be eliminated from metaphysical space, the existence of gratuitous evil presents no objection to essentially omnipotent, essentially omniscient, essentially morally perfect, and necessarily existing beings. 
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