Practicing Belonging?: Non-religiousness in Twenty-First Century Japan

This article suggests a way for scholars of Japanese religion to contribute to the international discussion on “nones” or the “non-religious,” who have been characterized as “believing without belonging,” “belonging without believing,” “believing in belonging,” etc. by integrating three different di...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Fujiwara, Satoko 1963- (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Brill [2019]
In: Journal of Religion in Japan
Year: 2019, Volume: 8, Issue: 1/3, Pages: 123-150
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Japan / Irreligiosity / Interpersonal relationship / History 2010-2019
IxTheo Classification:AB Philosophy of religion; criticism of religion; atheism
AD Sociology of religion; religious policy
KBM Asia
Further subjects:B Modernization
B non-religiousness
B ie-mura system
B Nones
B tsunagari (relationships, belonging)
Online Access: Presumably Free Access
Volltext (Verlag)
Volltext (doi)

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520 |a This article suggests a way for scholars of Japanese religion to contribute to the international discussion on “nones” or the “non-religious,” who have been characterized as “believing without belonging,” “belonging without believing,” “believing in belonging,” etc. by integrating three different discursive arenas: one on multiple secularities as a context-conscious reexamination of functional differentiation; one on Japanese modernization centered on the idea of ie (household)-mura (village community); and one on a recent Japanese obsession with tsunagari (relationships, connection) and shōnin (recognition). The article argues that Japanese non-religiousness in the 2010s is an updated, self-conscious version of “religion as human relationships,” which can be paraphrased as “practicing belonging.” Moreover, while the current “religion as human relationships” practiced among young people tends to be confined to the intimate sphere, its traditional version regulated the public sphere as well. It was this public sphere of “religion as human relationships” that came to appear secular, as opposed to World Religions as matters of personal choice, in the process of modernization, which included the adoption of the Western concepts of “religion” and “secular.” The article also suggests that a “relationships turn” has been taking place not only in nonreligious rituals and festivals but also in spiritual culture and institutionalized religion. 
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