Date palm and date palm inflorescences in the late Uruk period (c. 3300 B.C.): botany and archaic script
The earliest evidence suggesting the human utilisation of wild date palm fruits in the Near East is dated to the sixth and fifth millennia B.C. Despite the lack of archaeological data, it is commonly believed that at the end of the Late Uruk period (c. 3300–3100 B.C.) the Sumerians established the f...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Electronic Article |
Language: | English |
Check availability: | HBZ Gateway |
Journals Online & Print: | |
Fernleihe: | Fernleihe für die Fachinformationsdienste |
Published: |
Cambridge Univ. Press
2019
|
In: |
Iraq
Year: 2019, Volume: 81, Pages: 221-239 |
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains: | B
Date palm
/ Inflorescences
/ History 3300 BC-3100 BC
/ Botany
/ Agriculture
|
IxTheo Classification: | TB Antiquity |
Online Access: |
Volltext (lizenzpflichtig) |
MARC
LEADER | 00000caa a2200000 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | 1685087345 | ||
003 | DE-627 | ||
005 | 20210509182644.0 | ||
007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 191210s2019 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.1017/irq.2019.15 |2 doi | |
035 | |a (DE-627)1685087345 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)KXP1685087345 | ||
040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rda | ||
041 | |a eng | ||
084 | |a 1 |2 ssgn | ||
100 | 1 | |a Paszke, Marcin Z. |e VerfasserIn |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Date palm and date palm inflorescences in the late Uruk period (c. 3300 B.C.) |b botany and archaic script |c Marcin Z. Paszke |
264 | 1 | |c 2019 | |
300 | |b Illustrationen | ||
336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
520 | |a The earliest evidence suggesting the human utilisation of wild date palm fruits in the Near East is dated to the sixth and fifth millennia B.C. Despite the lack of archaeological data, it is commonly believed that at the end of the Late Uruk period (c. 3300–3100 B.C.) the Sumerians established the first date palm plantations. Nevertheless, this belief has never been well-proven by any scientific data, which makes this issue open to debate. This article points to the images of the date palm known from the pictographic script from Uruk as an important source of botanical data—a concept which has never been discussed in the literature—and elaborates on the phenotypic traits of the Phoenix dactylifera L. discernible there. It aims to establish the level and condition of horticultural knowledge of the cultivators of the date palm tree in the late fourth millennium B.C. Many of the botanical traits found on the date palm pictographs are noteworthy, especially where the morphology of the crown, trunk, and root zone are concerned. Most importantly, the identification of pictographs representing date palm inflorescences prompts us to the conclusion that the Sumerians discovered the dioecious nature of the Phoenix dactylifera L., selecting the staminate inflorescences to pollinate female trees by at least c. 3300 B.C. The discovery of this method of artificial fertilization was a turning point in Mesopotamian agriculture since it enabled farmers to obtain a better crop while economizing on space and labour, constituting the beginning of the date palm plantations that are still such a feature of present-day Iraq. | ||
652 | |a TB | ||
689 | 0 | 0 | |d s |0 (DE-588)4142068-8 |0 (DE-627)105615757 |0 (DE-576)209716207 |2 gnd |a Dattelpalme |
689 | 0 | 1 | |d s |0 (DE-588)4007215-0 |0 (DE-627)10637446X |0 (DE-576)208869166 |2 gnd |a Blütenstand |
689 | 0 | 2 | |q z |2 gnd |a Geschichte v3300-v3100 |
689 | 0 | 3 | |d s |0 (DE-588)4007842-5 |0 (DE-627)106371312 |0 (DE-576)208872728 |2 gnd |a Botanik |
689 | 0 | 4 | |d s |0 (DE-588)4034402-2 |0 (DE-627)10625295X |0 (DE-576)209006692 |2 gnd |a Landwirtschaft |
689 | 0 | |5 (DE-627) | |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Iraq |d Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press, 1934 |g 81(2019) vom: Dez., Seite 221-239 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)574602720 |w (DE-600)2445569-6 |w (DE-576)285262661 |x 2053-4744 |7 nnns |
773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:81 |g year:2019 |g month:12 |g pages:221-239 |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1017/irq.2019.15 |x Resolving-System |z lizenzpflichtig |3 Volltext |
935 | |a BIIN | ||
951 | |a AR | ||
BIB | |a 1 | ||
ELC | |a 1 | ||
ITA | |a 1 |t 1 | ||
LOK | |0 000 xxxxxcx a22 zn 4500 | ||
LOK | |0 001 3563319502 | ||
LOK | |0 003 DE-627 | ||
LOK | |0 004 1685087345 | ||
LOK | |0 005 20191216104552 | ||
LOK | |0 008 191210||||||||||||||||ger||||||| | ||
LOK | |0 040 |a DE-Tue135-1 |c DE-627 |d DE-Tue135-1 | ||
LOK | |0 852 |a DE-Tue135-1 | ||
LOK | |0 852 1 |c UB699/LD2250/81/PEM |m p |9 00 | ||
LOK | |0 852 2 |b www |9 00 | ||
LOK | |0 935 |a inzs | ||
LOK | |0 936ln |0 1442053534 |a TB | ||
LOK | |0 938 |k p | ||
ORI | |a SA-MARC-ixtheoa001.raw | ||
REF | |a Agrargeschichte | ||
REL | |a 1 | ||
STA | 0 | 0 | |a Agriculture,Agricultural sector,Farming,Agriculture,Agriculture in art,Agriculture in literature,Botany,Date palm,Phoenix palms,Inflorescences |
STB | 0 | 0 | |a Agriculture,Botanique,Inflorescences,Phoenix (plantes),Dattier |
STC | 0 | 0 | |a Agricultura,Agricultura,Botánica,Inflorescencia,Palmera datilera,Phoenix (Plantas) |
STD | 0 | 0 | |a Agricoltura,Botanica,Infiorescenza,Palma da dattero |
STE | 0 | 0 | |a 农业,刺葵,海枣,刺葵属,植物学 |
STF | 0 | 0 | |a 刺葵,海棗,刺葵屬,植物學,花序,農業 |
STG | 0 | 0 | |a Agricultura,Botânica,Inflorescência,Tamareira |
STH | 0 | 0 | |a Ботаника,Сельское хозяйство,Соцветие,Финиковая пальма |
STI | 0 | 0 | |a Βοτανική,Γεωργία,Ταξιανθία,Χουρμαδιά,Φοίνιξ ο δακτυλοφόρος |
SUB | |a BIB |a REL | ||
SYG | 0 | 0 | |a Echte Dattelpalme,Phoenix dactylifera,Phoenix,Phoenixpalme,Elate,Dachel,Phaenix,Phoniphora,Zelonops , Infloreszenz , Pflanzenkunde,Phytologie , Agrarwirtschaft,Agrarsektor,Landwirtschaftlicher Sektor |
TIM | |a 099967000101_099969001231 |b Geschichte v3300-v3100 |