RT Article T1 The Charles Strong Lecture 2015 JF Journal for the academic study of religion VO 29 IS 1 SP 3 OP 12 A1 Bouma, Gary D. LA English PB Equinox Publ. YR 2016 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/1571451749 AB Narratives like paradigms offer explanations of some aspects of life which are largely self-contained, self-sustaining, self-validating, and impervious to disconfirming evidence. Anti-Islam discourses in the West and anti-Western discourses among Muslims are two such discourses. That such discourses can legitimate violence is clearly evident in the rhetoric, actions and rationales given for violence among such groups as the Islamic State, Boko Haram, The Lord's Liberation Army, The Spanish Inquisition, and Anti-Islamic movements in Europe and other parts of the West. Narratives of difference, of negative disconnection from some 'other', persist for centuries with minor variation as there is no real contact between those maintaining them. Real encounters would lead to disconfirmation while violent acts by some members of the 'other' group are taken as proof that the stereotypes held about them are true. In each age it must be asked, 'Who Benefits?' K1 Anti-west K1 cui bono K1 Discourse K1 Islamophobia K1 Muslims K1 Narratives K1 Othering K1 Religions K1 Stereotypes (Social psychology) K1 Violence DO 10.1558/jasr.v29i1.30375