RT Article T1 Conceptualizing "Popular Confucianism": The Cases of Ruzong Shenjiao, Yiguan Dao, and De Jiao JF Journal of Chinese religions VO 45 IS 1 SP 63 OP 83 A1 Chen, Yong LA English PB Johns Hopkins University Press YR 2017 UL https://ixtheo.de/Record/157005049X AB This article examines the importance and difficulty of conceptualizing "popular Confucianism" and proposes defining it as a continuum with its religious and secular manifestations poised at each end. It then provides three case studies: Ruzong Shenjiao, Yiguan Dao, and De Jiao - sectarian religions with a strong disposition to Confucian values and rites. It argues that an extended and analytical definition can better direct the scholarly and public attention to the social pertinence and daily utility of Confucianism, i.e., in what ways it is still lived by various Chinese communities and how it furnishes cultural identity and value orientation to them. K1 De Jiao K1 popular Confucianism K1 Ruzong Shenjiao K1 Yiguan Dao DO 10.1080/0737769X.2017.1284707